CC-CV Charging Profile — Li-ion Cell

Constant Current → Constant Voltage phases, with SOC and temperature effects

C-rate 1.0C
Cell capacity (Ah) 5 Ah
Temperature (°C) 25°C
Phase 1: CC (Constant Current)
Phase 2: CV (Constant Voltage)
Taper → charge complete
CC Phase Current: constant at C-rate
Voltage: rises from ~3.0V to 4.2V
SOC: 0% → ~80%
Duration: depends on C-rate
CV Phase Voltage: held at 4.2V (NMC)
Current: tapers from I_CC → I_term
SOC: ~80% → 100%
I_term typically C/20–C/10
Temperature effects Cold → higher R → voltage rises faster
CV phase starts earlier, less CC
Hot → faster but SEI stress
Optimal charge: 15–35°C
BMS role Monitors V_cell every 10 ms
Commands OBC to reduce current
when V_cell = 4.20V (NMC)
Terminates on I_taper < C/20