NMC characteristics High energy density (250+ Wh/kg)
Faster fade at high T and high DoD
Cobalt/Nickel chemistry
Typical EoL: 700–1500 cycles

LFP characteristics Lower energy density (~160 Wh/kg)
Very stable olivine structure
Excellent thermal stability
Typical EoL: 2000–4000 cycles

Temperature effect Every 10°C rise doubles SEI rate
Cold storage slows calendar aging
Tesla recommends: store at 20–25°C
Optimal charge temp: 15–35°C

DoD effect 100% DoD: maximum stress
80% DoD: +40–60% more cycles
Many EVs limit to 20–80% for
daily use (BMS configurable)